Reference of Networking

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6 --> IPv6

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4 --> IPv4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation --> Network Address Translation

http://darojatun.blogsome.com/2008/06/29/
nat-internet-sharing-di-linux-dengan-iptables-dalam-4-langkah/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routing

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What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

IPv4 means Internet Protocol version 4, whereas IPv6 means Internet Protocol version 6.

IPv4 is 32 bits IP address that we use commonly, it can be 192.168.8.1, 10.3.4.5 or other 32 bits IP addresses. IPv4 can support up to 2³² addresses, however the 32 bits IPv4 addresses are finishing to be used in near future, so IPv6 is developed as a replacement.

IPv6 is 128 bits, can support up to 2¹²⁸ addresses to fulfill future needs with better security and network related features. Here are some examples of IPv6 address:

1050:0:0:0:5:600:300c:326b
ff06::c3
0:0:0:0:0:0:192.1.56.10


source : http://www.home-network-help.com/ipv4-ipv6.html

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IPv4

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth iteration of the Internet Protocol (IP) and it is the first version of the protocol to be widely deployed. IPv4 is the dominant network layer protocol on the Internet and apart from IPv6 it is the only standard internetwork-layer protocol used on the Internet.

It is described in IETF RFC 791 (September 1981) which made obsolete RFC 760 (January 1980). The United States Department of Defense also standardized it as MIL-STD-1777.

IPv4 is a data-oriented protocol to be used on a packet switched internetwork (e.g., Ethernet). It is a best effort protocol in that it does not guarantee delivery. It does not make any guarantees on the correctness of the data; this may result in duplicated packets or packets delivered out of order. These aspects are addressed by an upper layer protocol (e.g. TCP, and partly by UDP).

IPv4 uses 32-bit (four-byte) addresses, which limits the address space to 4,294,967,296 (2³²) possible unique addresses. However, some are reserved for special purposes such as private networks (~18 million addresses) or multicast addresses (~16 million addresses). This reduces the number of addresses that can be allocated as public Internet addresses. As the number of addresses available are consumed, an IPv4 address shortage appears to be inevitable, however Network Address Translation (NAT) has significantly delayed this inevitability.

This limitation has helped stimulate the push towards IPv6, which is currently in the early stages of deployment and is currently the only contender to replace IPv4.

source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4

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What is IP Address?

An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier for a node or host connection on an IP network. An IP address is a 32 bit binary number usually represented as 4 decimal values, each representing 8 bits, in the range 0 to 255 (known as octets) separated by decimal points. This is known as "dotted decimal" notation.

Example: 140.179.220.200

It is sometimes useful to view the values in their binary form.

140     .179     .220     .200
10001100.10110011.11011100.11001000

Every IP address consists of two parts, one identifying the network and one identifying the node. The Class of the address and the subnet mask determine which part belongs to the network address and which part belongs to the node address.

Address Classes

There are 5 different address classes. You can determine which class any IP address is in by examining the first 4 bits of the IP address.

• Class A addresses begin with 0xxx, or 1 to 126 decimal.
• Class B addresses begin with 10xx, or 128 to 191 decimal.
• Class C addresses begin with 110x, or 192 to 223 decimal.
• Class D addresses begin with 1110, or 224 to 239 decimal.
• Class E addresses begin with 1111, or 240 to 254 decimal.

Addresses beginning with 01111111, or 127 decimal, are reserved for loopback and for internal testing on a local machine; [You can test this: you should always be able to ping 127.0.0.1, which points to yourself] Class D addresses are reserved for multicasting; Class E addresses are reserved for future use. They should not be used for host addresses.

Now we can see how the Class determines, by default, which part of the IP address belongs to the network (N, in blue) and which part belongs to the node (n, in red).

• Class A -- NNNNNNNN.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn
• Class B -- NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn
• Class C -- NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.nnnnnnnn

In the example, 140.179.220.200 is a Class B address so by default the Network part of the address (also known as the Network Address) is defined by the first two octets (140.179.x.x) and the node part is defined by the last 2 octets (x.x.220.200).

In order to specify the network address for a given IP address, the node section is set to all "0"s. In our example, 140.179.0.0 specifies the network address for 140.179.220.200. When the node section is set to all "1"s, it specifies a broadcast that is sent to all hosts on the network. 140.179.255.255 specifies the example broadcast address. Note that this is true regardless of the length of the node section.

Private Subnets

There are three IP network addresses reserved for private networks. The addresses are 10.0.0.0, Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0, Subnet Mask 255.240.0.0, and 192.168.0.0, Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0. These addresses are also notated 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16; this notation will be explained later in this tutorial. They can be used by anyone setting up internal IP networks, such as a lab or home LAN behind a NAT or proxy server or a router. It is always safe to use these because routers on the Internet by default will never forward packets coming from these addresses. These addresses are defined in RFC 1918.


source : http://www.ralphb.net/IPSubnet/ipaddr.html

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Internet Protocol

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet. When you send or receive data (for example, an e-mail note or a Web page), the message gets divided into little chunks called packets. Each of these packets contains both the sender's Internet address and the receiver's address. Any packet is sent first to a gateway computer that understands a small part of the Internet. The gateway computer reads the destination address and forwards the packet to an adjacent gateway that in turn reads the destination address and so forth across the Internet until one gateway recognizes the packet as belonging to a computer within its immediate neighborhood or domain. That gateway then forwards the packet directly to the computer whose address is specified.

Because a message is divided into a number of packets, each packet can, if necessary, be sent by a different route across the Internet. Packets can arrive in a different order than the order they were sent in. The Internet Protocol just delivers them. It's up to another protocol, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to put them back in the right order.

IP is a connectionless protocol, which means that there is no continuing connection between the end points that are communicating. Each packet that travels through the Internet is treated as an independent unit of data without any relation to any other unit of data. (The reason the packets do get put in the right order is because of TCP, the connection-oriented protocol that keeps track of the packet sequence in a message.) In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communication model, IP is in layer 3, the Networking Layer.

The most widely used version of IP today is Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4). However, IP Version 6 (IPv6) is also beginning to be supported. IPv6 provides for much longer addresses and therefore for the possibility of many more Internet users. IPv6 includes the capabilities of IPv4 and any server that can support IPv6 packets can also support IPv4 packets.

source : http://searchunifiedcommunications.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid186_gci214031,00.html#

reference : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol

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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is the planning of how business resources (materials, employees, customers etc.) are acquired and moved from one state to another.

An ERP system is a business support system that maintains in a single database the data needed for a variety of business functions such as Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management, Financials, Projects, Human Resources and Customer Relationship Management.

An ERP system is based on a common database and a modular software design. The common database can allow every department of a business to store and retrieve information in real-time. The information should be reliable, accessible, and easily shared. The modular software design should mean a business can select the modules they need, mix and match modules from different vendors, and add new modules of their own to improve business performance.

Ideally, the data for the various business functions are integrated. In practice the ERP system may comprise a set of discrete applications, each maintaining a discrete data store within one physical database.

Origin of the term

MRP vs. ERP-ENTERPRISE RECOURCE PLANNING — Manufacturing management systems have evolved in stages over the past 30 years from a simple means of calculating materials requirements to the automation of an entire enterprise. Around 1980, over-frequent changes in sales forecasts, entailing continual readjustments in production, as well as inflexible fixed system parameters, led MRP (Material Requirement Planning) to evolve into a new concept : Manufacturing Resource Planning (or MRP2) and finally the generic concept Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)^[1]

The initials ERP originated as an extension of MRP (material requirements planning then manufacturing resource planning) and CIM (computer-integrated manufacturing) and was introduced by research and analysis firm Gartner. ERP systems now attempt to cover all basic functions of an enterprise, regardless of the organization's business or charter. Non-manufacturing businesses, non-profit organizations and governments now all use ERP systems.

To be considered an ERP system, a software package must provide the function of at least two systems. For example, a software package that provides both payroll and accounting functions could technically be considered an ERP software package.

However, the term is typically reserved for larger, more broadly based applications. The introduction of an ERP system to replace two or more independent applications eliminates the need for external interfaces previously required between systems, and provides additional benefits ranging from standardization and lower maintenance (one system instead of two or more) to easier and/or greater reporting capabilities (as all data is typically kept in one database).

Examples of modules in an ERP which formerly would have been stand-alone applications include: Manufacturing, Supply Chain, Financials, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Human Resources, Warehouse Management and Decision Support System.

Overview

Some organizations — typically those with sufficient in-house IT skills to integrate multiple software products — choose to implement only portions of an ERP system and develop an external interface to other ERP or stand-alone systems for their other application needs. For example, one may choose to use human resource management system from one vendor, and the financial systems from another, and perform the integration between the systems themselves.

This is very common in the retail sector^{[citation needed]}, where even a mid-sized retailer will have a discrete Point-of-Sale (POS) product and financials application, then a series of specialized applications to handle business requirements such as warehouse management, staff rostering, merchandising and logistics.

Ideally, ERP delivers a single database that contains all data for the software modules, which would include:

Manufacturing

Engineering, Bills of Material, Scheduling, Capacity, Workflow Management, Quality Control, Cost Management, Manufacturing Process, Manufacturing Projects, Manufacturing Flow

Supply Chain Management

Inventory, Order Entry, Purchasing, Product Configurator, Supply Chain Planning, Supplier Scheduling, Inspection of goods, Claim Processing, Commission Calculation

Financials

General Ledger, Cash Management, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, Fixed Assets

Projects

Costing, Billing, Time and Expense, Activity Management

Human Resources

Human Resources, Payroll, Training, Time & Attendance, Rostering, Benefits

Customer Relationship Management

Sales and Marketing, Commissions, Service, Customer Contact and Call Center support

Data Warehouse

and various Self-Service interfaces for Customers, Suppliers, and Employees

Enterprise Resource Planning is a term originally derived from manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) that followed material requirements planning (MRP).^[2] MRP evolved into ERP when "routings" became a major part of the software architecture and a company's capacity planning activity also became a part of the standard software activity.^{[citation needed]} ERP systems typically handle the manufacturing, logistics, distribution, inventory, shipping, invoicing, and accounting for a company. Enterprise Resource Planning or ERP software can aid in the control of many business activities, like sales, marketing, delivery, billing, production, inventory management, quality management, and human resource management.

ERP systems saw a large boost in sales in the 1990s as companies faced the Y2K problem in their legacy systems. Many companies took this opportunity to replace their legacy information systems with ERP systems. This rapid growth in sales was followed by a slump in 1999, at which time most companies had already implemented their Y2K solution.^[3]

ERPs are often incorrectly called back office systems indicating that customers and the general public are not directly involved. This is contrasted with front office systems like customer relationship management (CRM) systems that deal directly with the customers, or the eBusiness systems such as eCommerce, eGovernment, eTelecom, and eFinance, or supplier relationship management (SRM) systems.

ERPs are cross-functional and enterprise wide. All functional departments that are involved in operations or production are integrated in one system. In addition to manufacturing, warehousing, logistics, and information technology, this would include accounting, human resources, marketing, and strategic management.

ERP II means open ERP architecture of components. The older, monolithic ERP systems became component oriented.^{[citation needed]}

EAS — Enterprise Application Suite is a new name for formerly developed ERP systems which include (almost) all segments of business, using ordinary Internet browsers as thin clients.^{[citation needed]}

Advantages

In the absence of an ERP system, a large manufacturer may find itself with many software applications that do not talk to each other and do not effectively interface. Tasks that need to interface with one another may involve:

• design engineering (how to best make the product)
• order tracking from acceptance through fulfillment
• the revenue cycle from invoice through cash receipt
• managing interdependencies of complex Bill of Materials
• tracking the 3-way match between Purchase orders (what was ordered), Inventory receipts (what arrived), and Costing (what the vendor invoiced)
• the Accounting for all of these tasks, tracking the Revenue, Cost and Profit on a granular level.

Change how a product is made, in the engineering details, and that is how it will now be made. Effective dates can be used to control when the switch over will occur from an old version to the next one, both the date that some ingredients go into effect, and date that some are discontinued. Part of the change can include labeling to identify version numbers.

Some security features are included within an ERP system to protect against both outsider crime, such as industrial espionage, and insider crime, such as embezzlement. A data tampering scenario might involve a disgruntled employee intentionally modifying prices to below the breakeven point in order to attempt to take down the company, or other sabotage. ERP systems typically provide functionality for implementing internal controls to prevent actions of this kind. ERP vendors are also moving toward better integration with other kinds of information security tools.^[12]

Disadvantages

Problems with ERP systems are mainly due to inadequate investment in ongoing training for involved personnel, including those implementing and testing changes, as well as a lack of corporate policy protecting the integrity of the data in the ERP systems and how it is used.

Disadvantages

• Customization of the ERP software is limited.
• Re-engineering of business processes to fit the "industry standard" prescribed by the ERP system may lead to a loss of competitive advantage.
• ERP systems can be very expensive leading to a new category of "ERP light" solutions
• ERPs are often seen as too rigid and too difficult to adapt to the specific workflow and business process of some companies—this is cited as one of the main causes of their failure.
• Many of the integrated links need high accuracy in other applications to work effectively. A company can achieve minimum standards, then over time "dirty data" will reduce the reliability of some applications.
• Once a system is established, switching costs are very high for any one of the partners (reducing flexibility and strategic control at the corporate level).
• The blurring of company boundaries can cause problems in accountability, lines of responsibility, and employee morale.
• Resistance in sharing sensitive internal information between departments can reduce the effectiveness of the software.
• Some large organizations may have multiple departments with separate, independent resources, missions, chains-of-command, etc, and consolidation into a single enterprise may yield limited benefits.
• The system may be too complex measured the actual needs of the customer.

* source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planning, 07/15/2008

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Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Sistem Informasi Penjualan Tiket Pesawat Online

Sebuah perusahaan penerbangan ”Colombus” ingin membangun sebuah Sistem Informasi Penjualan Tiket Pesawat Online (Web). Adapun prosedur penjualan tiket pesawat online yang akan diterapkan adalah sebagai berikut :

- Setiap customer yang akan melakukan pembelian tiket harus terlebih dahulu melakukan pendaftaran customer, karena setiap transaksi penjualan yang akan dilakukan harus melewati proses login terlebih dahulu.

- Apabila customer sudah melakukan pendaftaran, maka sistem akan memberikan login dan password supaya customer dapat melakukan pembelian tiket secara online.

- Untuk melihat jadwal penerbangan, customer dapat memilih menu schedule dan memasukkan data tujuan penerbangan (dari dan tujuan penerbangan) untuk mengetahui ketersediaan dan jam penerbangan tersebut.

- Apabila schedule telah didapatkan, customer dapat memilih menu e-booking availability untuk melakukan cek seat penerbangan.

- Apabila seat penumpang masih ada, maka customer dapat melakukan pembelian tiket pesawat dengan cara meng-click jadwal yang sesuai, dan sistem akan memberikan sebuah kode yang dipakai untuk melakukan pembayaran beserta nomer rekening untuk pembayaran tersebut.

- Kode yang diterima oleh customer akan dipakai untuk pembayaran lewat sebuah ATM dengan cara transfer ke nomer rekening yang telah disebutkan di web.

- ATM akan mengeluarkan sebuah slip yang didalamnya terdapat pin sepanjang 12 digit. Pin tersebut akan digunakan oleh customer untuk dimasukkan ke dalam menu Reconfirm yang ada pada halaman web, untuk membuktikan bahwa customer telah melakukan pembayaran.

- Slip yang didapat dari pembayaran di ATM harus disimpan oleh customer untuk ditukarkan dengan tiket pesawat di loket bandara saat akan melakukan penerbangan.

Dari cerita di atas, anda sebagai seorang tim pengembang sistem informasi, diminta untuk membuat Data Flow Diagram (DFD) mulai dari context diagram sampai dengan break down level detail sesuai dengan analisis anda.

Jawaban :

Context Diagram

DFD Level 1

DFD Level 2

1. Pendaftaran Customer

2. Pemesanan

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Basis data, DBMS dan Penerapannya dalam Industri

Basis data adalah adalah kumpulan informasi yang disimpan di dalam komputer secara sistematik sehingga dapat diperiksa menggunakan suatu program komputer untuk memperoleh informasi dari basis data tersebut.

Sedangkan sistem basis data adalah sistem yang terdiri atas sekumpulan tabel data yang saling berhubungan dan sekumpulan program (DBMS) yang memungkinkan berbagai user dan/atau program lain dapat mengakses dan memanipulasi tabel-tabel tersebut.

DBMS (Database Management System) atau dalam bahasa Indonesia biasa disebut SMBD (Sistem Manajemen Basis Data) adalah kumpulan program yang digunakan oleh user untuk memanajemen database (create, maintain). Atau dengan kata lain suatu sistem atau perangkat lunak yang dirancang untuk mengelola suatu basis data dan menjalankan operasi terhadap data yang diminta banyak pengguna.

Komponen utama DBMS dapat dibagi menjadi empat macam :

1. Perangkat keras,

2. Data, Data dalam basis data mempunyai sifat terpadu (integrated) dan berbagi

shared)
3. Perangkat Lunak,

4. Pengguna.

MODEL BASIS DATA

1. Model Hirarkis / Model Pohon

2. Model Jaringan

3. Model Relasional

Model Relasional merupakan model yang paling sederhana sehingga mudah digunakan dan dipahami oleh pengguna, serta merupakan model yang paling populer saat ini.Model ini menggunakan sekumpulan tabel berdimensi dua ( yang disebut relasi atau tabel ), dengan masing-masing relasi tersusun atas tupel atau baris dan atribut.

DBMS yang bermodelkan relasional biasa disebut RDBMS (Relational Data Base Management System).

Contoh produk DBMS yang menggunakan model relasional adalah :

1. Sybase --> Sybase Inc.

2. Oracle --> Oracle Corp.

3. MsSQL Server --> Microsoft Corp.

4. Informix --> Informix Corp.

5. Ingres --> ASK Group Inc.

6. DB2 --> IBM

> Oracle

Basis data Oracle adalah basis data relasional yang terdiri dari kumpulan data dalam suatu sistem manajemen basis data RDBMS. Perusahaan perangkat lunak Oracle memasarkan jenis basis data ini untuk bermacam-macam aplikasi yang bisa berjalan pada banyak jenis dan merk perangkat keras komputer (platform).Basis data Oracle ini pertama kali dikembangkan oleh Larry Ellison, Bob Miner dan Ed Oates lewat perusahaan konsultasinya bernama Software Development Laboratories (SDL) pada tahun 1977. Pada tahun 1983, perusahaan ini berubah nama menjadi Oracle Corporation sampai sekarang.

> Microsoft SQL Server
Microsoft SQL Server adalah sebuah sistem manajemen basis data relasional (RDBMS) produk Microsoft. Bahasa kueri utamanya adalah Transact-SQL yang merupakan implementasi dari SQL standar ANSI/ISO yang digunakan oleh Microsoft dan Sybase. Umumnya SQL Server digunakan di dunia bisnis yang memiliki basis data berskala kecil sampai dengan menengah, tetapi kemudian berkembang dengan digunakannya SQL Server pada basis data besar.

Microsoft SQL Server dan Sybase/ASE dapat berkomunikasi lewat jaringan dengan menggunakan protokol TDS (Tabular Data Stream). Selain dari itu, Microsoft SQL Server juga mendukung ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), dan mempunyai driver JDBC untuk bahasa pemrograman Java. Fitur yang lain dari SQL Server ini adalah kemampuannya untuk membuat basis data mirroring dan clustering. Pada versi sebelumnya, MS SQL Server 2000 terserang oleh cacing komputer SQL Slammer yang mengakibatkan kelambatan akses Internet pada tanggal 25 Januari 2003.

Contoh penerapan DBMS di dalam industri.

Banyak sekali macam database yang digunakan di industri maupun perkantoran. Hampir semua industri dan perusahaan saat ini yang menggunakan database untuk menyimpan arsip2 penting usahanya. Salah satunya adalah Oracle yang banyak digunakan oleh kebanyakan perusahaan saat ini. Contoh yang paling banyak dijumpai adalah penggunaan database Oracle yang digunakan di perusahaan telekomunikasi. Oracle yang banyak digunakan di perusahaan telekomunikasi. Data2 pelanggan di simpan di dalam database. Database tersebut tidak hanya terletak hanya di kantor pusat, tapi juga mempunyai beberapa back-up. Jadi apabila ada salah satu database yang rusak, maka back-up dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti database yang rusak tersebut. Apabila perusahaan tersebut tidak mempunyai back-up, maka dapat di prediksikan kalau perusahaan tersebut akan mengalami kerugian yang sangat besar bahkan bisa bangkrut. Karena data2 yang ada di dalam database tersebut merupakan informasi2 pelanggan yang sangat penting. Maka perusahaan harus bisa menjaga dan mengamankan data2 pelanggannya tersebut.

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Hmmm,,, akhirnya muncul lagi...

Hmmm,,, akhirnya gue muncul lagi di blogger setelah sekian lama gue gak muncul di blogger. Kali ne gue muncul dengan wajah baru, semangat baru, dan berita baru... *kaya' iklan aja*

wkwkwkwkwk...

Padahal sebenernya ne gara2 da tugas kul gue aktif lagi blogging. Tapi gue gak memungkiri kalo blogging emang asyik untuk share berbagai macam hal.

Gak dapat dipungkiri lagi kalo saat ini banyak orang yang memanfaatkan blogger untuk mencari keuntungan. Emang bener kata dosen gue kalo segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan jasmaninya pasti UUD (Ujung-Ujungnya Duit). Emang tuh dosen konyol banget...

Gue kira cukup segitu dulu pembukaan dari gue.

Wassalamualaikum...

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What is SEO

SEO (Search Engine Optimization) is the art of increasing the ranking of your website on leading search engines. Old 'tricks of the trade' no longer work and can even reduce your rankings, especially after Google's recent Jagger Update.

Optimize My Site offers some useful advice as well as supporting services to jumpstart your efforts at achieving better search engine rankings. Better rankings = more traffic = more business.

More and more businesses are realizing that having a great website is not good enough if clients can't find it. If your competitors are being ranked higher on leading search engines such as Google, Yahoo, or MSN, then it is quiet likely that they are winning more business. Using some effective techniques, you can ensure that your site rankings are optimal.

Increasing traffic to your website is a fairly straightforward process, as long as key steps are followed in the correct order. There is no benefit in attempting to increase your web traffic if your website is not optimized for search engines. If search engines don't like your content or agree with the technology you have used your efforts will be in vain. So, first ensure that your website is optimized for search engins, then ensure that it has been submitted to all the major search engines, and then commence with link building and other initiatives to increase your website visibility on the Internet.-http://www.optimizemysite.co.za/-

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Wow,, spam semakin merajalela

Jakarta - Bila dihitung secara keseluruhan, menurut perusahaan anti-spam, SpamStopsHere, e-mail sampah atau spam telah mengkontaminasi lalu lintas email di 2007 sebesar 95%. Hal tersebut terjadi lantaran para spammer telah makin cerdik dalam melancarkan strategi serangannya.

Sepanjang tahun 2007, para spammer diketahui banyak bereksperimen dengan mencantumkan berbagai macam format file mulai dari MP3, Zip, Excel, Word serta PDF. Namun, dari seluruh upaya, spam MP3 merupakan cara yang paling tidak efektif dalam menjaring korban.

Tahun 2007 juga dinobatkan sebagai "the year of the worm" lantaran banyaknya virus berbentuk worm yang menyebar melalui email. Worm yang paling dahsyat menurut SpamStopsHere adalah Storm worm pada awal 2007 lalu. Diketahui storm worm menginfeksikan lebih dari 10 juta komputer di seluruh dunia.

Aksi phising juga dinilai kritis karena sudah ke level penyerangan perbankan, eBay hingga PayPal yang dapat merugikan korban secara materil. "Tahun 2007 merupakan tahun yang paling menantang bagi perusahaan anti-spam," jelas Ted Green, Presiden SpamStopsHere seperti dikutip detikINET dari Vnunet, Minggu (13/1/2008)

source : http://www.detikinet.com/ ( sunday/01-13-2008 )

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Reset IP1880

Buat yang pake printer IP1880 dan yang suka refill cartridge dan hasilnya ngebling, berikut ini ada software dan panduan untuk me-reset printer tsb.

Sebagai informasi, resetter ini gak bisa mengubah status ink level indikator. Mungkin dari canon udah rancangan seperti itu. sehingga cara yang digunakan adalah mematikan status indikator untuk ink level.

Pertama download dulu softwarenya disini

Selanjutnya ikuti instruksi berikut ini:
1. Driver harus sdh terinstal dengan benar
2. Hubungkan kabel USB
3. Selanjutnya, sebelum kabel power printer dicolokin ke listrik, tekan dan tahan
tombol power dan colok kabel power ke listrik
4. Sambil menahan tombol power, tekan tombol reject 2 kali lalu lepasin tombol power
5. Jalankan program reset yang udah di download
6. Jangan lupa buka Lock Release di program
( Sekedar catatan : Untuk dapat melihat menu lock release, minimal resolusi layar
anda berjalan di 1024 x 728 )
7. Lalu pilih set destination ke ip1880
8. Tandai CLEANING dan EEPROM CLEAR
9. Lalu klik MAIN dan PLATEN
10.Kalo langkah di atas udah di lakukan, lalu lakukan TES PATTERN1.

Catatan : Sekedar info kalo cara di atas juga dapat digunakan pada IP 1100, 1800 dan
2500 series. Cara resetnya sama kok. Resetternya juga sama. So,, gak usah
bingung.

Semoga bermanfaat...!!!

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Google Adwords dan Program Pay per Click lainnya

Pay Per Click (PPC) adalah sebuah bisnis besar. Dalam kenyataannya PPC ini adalah cara awal Google dalam menghasilkan uang, bisa dikatakan hampir semua adalah pendapatan Google, 98 persen berasal dari PPC, PPC juga sumber pendapatan terpenting bagi Yahoo!. PPC telah mengubah model periklanan massa menjadi sebuah bisnis kecil. Sebuah bisnis yang tidak perlu mengeluarkan uang untuk radio, TV, atau koran, saat ini mereka membelanjakan uangnya ke PPC dan setiap saat tetap menghasilkan keuntungan!

Setiap waktu? Pada faktanya adalah PPC tidak selalu berhasil untuk semua orang, seperti yang akan anda pahami dalam tulisan ini. Perlu adanya ketepatan kombinasi atas keuntungan kotor per penjualan, harga PPC dan rasio konversi website. Jika penggabungannya tidak tepat dan banyak bisnis yang tidak dapat mengkombinasi dengan tepat – PPC hanya akan menghabiskan keuangan kita. Usahakan semuanya berada dalam batasan dan pemikiran yang tepat, PPC akan mendatangkan keuntungan bisnis yang dapat diprediksi arus pendapatannya.

Pengertian Pay Per Click (PPC)
Pay Per Click menunjukan sebuah mekanisme periklanan yang dimana pemasang iklan membayar setiap seseorang mengklik iklan tersebut. Khususnya, saat ini PPC lebih mengarah pada tampilan iklan dalam halaman hasil pencarian mesin pencari.

Setiap seseorang mengklik satu dari iklan ini, pemasang iklan akan dikenai ongkos dari iklan tersebut. Berapa banyak? Mulai dari 5 sen (di Google) atau 10 sen (di Yahoo!) sampai beberapa dolar. Beberapa iklan PPC bernilai $50 per click, terkadang bahkan lebih!

Karena sistem PPC yang besar/raksasa biasanya “mengisi/feed” ke berbagai jenis website, ketika akan membeli iklan melalui sebuah sistem seperti Google atau Yahoo! Search Marketing Solution, iklan anda mungkin mengakhiri dalam beberapa situs pencari yang berbeda. Tapi mungkin juga iklan yang anda punya didistribusikan di tempat lain, seperti dalam halaman dari seratus websites yang berbeda, terimakasih untuk program distribusi Google AdSense.

Keuntungan beriklan dengan PPC:

1. PPC sangat cepat. Hasil dapat dilihat di search engine dalam satu atau dua hari (teorinya, hanya perlu beberapa jam, tapi pada beberapa kasus perlu beberapa saat untuk mencapai ketepatan yang pas).
2. PPC dapat dipercaya. Menggunakan PPC untuk mendapatkan trafik bagi situs sangat dapat diandalkan. Anda dapat mendatangkan banyak trafik, dan selalu muncul untuk setiap pencarian tetap dalam search engine utama, jika Anda membayar cukup.
3. PPC mudah pengukurannya. Anda bisa melihatnya dari jumlah trafik yang didapatkan, dan melihat dari jumlah traffic yang berubah menjadi bisnis.

Sistem PPC
Ada beberapa sistem PPC, tapi hanya ada tiga terbesar, dan sedikit system pada level dibawahnya/ level dua:

* Google AdWords. Google AdWords bisa dikatakan sebagai sistem PPC yang paling terkenal (http://www.adwords.google.com/). Sejak Google menjadi satu-satunya search engine terpenting, sistem ini menampilkan jutaan iklan PPC setiap harinya.
* Yahoo! Search Marketing Solution (dulunya Overture). Sistem ini juga besar, dan menampilkan jutaan iklan setiap harinya (www.overture.com/). Overture adalah perusahaan yang pertama kali mengeluarkan PPC berbasis search engine.
* MSN adCentre. MSNmerupakan online layanan milik Microsoft, sampai dengan pertengahan tahun 2006 MSN ad Centre mendapatkan materi iklan PPC dari Yahoo!. Saat ini mereka telah membangun system PPC mereka sendiri dan menghentikan menggunakan iklan dari Yahoo! Sistem “level dua” meliputi layanan seperti FindWhat (www.findwhat.com/), LookSmart (www.looksmart.com/), Enhance (www.enhance.com/), ePilot (www.epilot.com/), Espotting (www.espotting.com), dan Kanoodle (www.kanoodle.com/).

Yang lainnya juga ada. Faktanya, ada ratusan sistem PPC tapi mereka kurang berbobot. Sebagai contoh, ketika Anda menghabiskan banyak waktu untuk mengkonfigurasi system, nilainya tidak sebanding dengan klik kelas teri yang akan didapat, karena waktu Anda sangat bernilai – mereka banyak melakukan kucurangan dalam batasan-batasan ini, (Anda akan mendapatkan sedikit atau sama sekali tidak ada trafik dari mereka, tetapi diharuskan membayar biaya setup yang tidak dapat dikembalikan. Intinya, usahakan untuk menghindari sistem PPC yang kecil, dan bergabung dengan system terbesar atau level duanya.


source: http://seokita.com/index.php/2007/08/29/google-adwords-dan-program-pay-per-click-lainnya/

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Apa Itu Google AdSense

Secara singkat, AdSense adalah layanan iklan yg dimiliki oleh Google, dimana para pemilik situs dapat memasang iklan tersebut di situs2 mereka dan mendapatkan penghasilan tambahan. Iklan yg muncul bermacam-macam jenisnya, bisa berupa teks, gambar, bahkan video; namun yg pasti, semuanya menggunakan sistem kontekstual (contextual), dimana iklan tersebut akan relevan atau sesuai dengan isi halaman dimana iklan tersebut dipasang.

Seluruh iklan disimpan di server milik Google sendiri, sehingga kita tidak perlu menyediakan ruang khusus di server kita untuk AdSense, ataupun meng-upload file-file tertentu. Cukup dengan menyisipkan kode JavaScript yg diberikan pada halaman situs kita saja kita sudah dapat menikmati hadirnya iklan AdSense di situs kita.

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VMware Server vs. VMware Workstation

what the important differences are between VMware Server and VMware Workstation. How do you choose one over the other?

Workstation is a user-mode program. It runs while you are logged on, and it won't run when you are logged off. So, it isn't well suited to long-running applications. It isn't appropriate (or even allowed by the licensing) to run Web or application servers in a Workstation session. By comparison, Server runs as a service independent of any particular user login. You connect a client GUI to a running session as required, and you can connect to sessions on remote Server machines as well.

If, like me, you run VMware on a laptop, you face the issue of what happens to your VMware sessions when the host's battery runs out of power, and the host wants to shut down. Neither Workstation nor Server does a perfect job of shutting down the guest sessions cleanly before the host shuts down, not in my experience, but Server definitely does a better job.

Workstation is a more appropriate choice if you are doing software testing primarily. In particular, you can create snapshots of your system as you are testing, and then revert to any of those snapshots as required. That can be a lot faster than having to do a from-scratch system setups for each part of your testing.

So, in summary, VMware Workstation is better for software testing, VMware Server is the choice for actually doing real work. As a postscript, note that VMware Server is currently still in beta. It has a lot of debugging code enabled, and it runs much more slowly than Workstation or its predecessor, GSX. This is particularly the case for anything that requires a lot of disk access, and those are the times when I wonder if I really wanted to be such an early adopter. If it's a problem for you too, wait until there is a post-beta version of VMware Server. Otherwise, VMware Server is just as brilliant as VMware Workstation, and Server is definitely the choice for what I want, running virtual sessions in which I do my real work, not tied to a particular physical PC.

Then there is VMware ESX, which plays the role of operating system as well. It doesn't require Linux nor Windows as a host operating system, and it's the one to choose for big multi-processor systems where you want the horsepower to be available on demand across many VMware sessions. It's a level beyond what I want for my systems now, but I like the idea of virtualisation right down at the host OS level. If I could buy my desktop/deskside PCs or laptops like that, I would do so without hesitation.

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